印度阿三 发表于 2008-12-30 11:15:25

Java

  Enum是enumeration(列举)的简写形式,包含在java.lang包中。熟悉C, C, C#, 或 Pascal人应该对列举有所了解,先看个例子:
  public enum Season { winter, spring, summer, fall }
  一个enum是定义一组值的对象,它可以包括零个或多个值成员。它是属于enum类型的,一个enum对象中不可有两个或多个相同的属性或值。在次之前的java程序员一般是 用接口的方法实现列举的,如 :
  public interface Season {
  static winter = 0;
  static spring = 1; //etc……
  }
  引入了enum的java的列举的编写方便了许多,只须定义一个enum型的对象。enum对象的值都回自动获得一个数字值,从0开始,依次递增。看一个比较简单的enum实现的例子:
  EnumDemo.java
  package net.javagarage.enums;
  /*
  We can loop over the values we put into the enum
  using the values() method.
  Note that the enum Seasons is compiled into a
  separate unit, called EnumDemo$Seasons.class
  */
  public class EnumDemo {
  /*declare the enum and add values to it. note that, like in C#, we don't use a ; to
  end this statement and we use commas to separate the values */
  private enum Seasons { winter, spring,
  summer, fall }
  //list the values
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  for (Seasons s : Seasons.values()){
  System.out.println(s);
  }
  }
  }运行上述代码你回得到 以下结果:
  winter
  spring
  summer
  fall
   
                  
   
  Enum的属性调用:
  下面的代码展示了调用enum对象的方法,这也是它通常的用法:
  package net.javagarage.enums;
  /*
  File: EnumSwitch.java
  Purpose: show how to switch against the values in an enum.
  */
  public class EnumSwitch {
  private enum Color { red, blue, green }
  //list the values
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  //refer to the qualified value
  doIt(Color.red);
  }
  /*note that you switch against the UNQUALIFIED name. that is, "case Color.red:" is a
  compiler error */
  private static void doIt(Color c){
  switch (c) {
  case red:
  System.out.println("value is "   Color.red);
  break;
  case green:
  System.out.println("value is "   Color.green);
  break;
  case blue:
  System.out.println("value is : "   Color.blue);
  break;
  default :
  System.out.println("default");
  }
  }
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  为enums添加属性和方法
  enums也可以象一般的类一样添加方法和属性,你可以为它添加静态和非静态的属性或方法,这一切都象你在一般的类中做的那样。
  package net.javagarage.enums;
  /*
  File: EnumDemo.java
  Purpose: show how to use an enum that also defines its own fields and methods
  */
  public class EnumWithMethods {
  //declare the enum and add values to it.
  public enum Season {
  winter, spring, summer, fall;
  private final static String location = "Phoenix";
  public static Season getBest(){
  if (location.equals("Phoenix"))
  return winter;
  else
  return summer;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  System.out.println(Season.getBest());
  }
  }
  就是这么的简单。但是有一点是需要注意的,那就是enums的值列表必须紧跟在enum声明,不然编译时将会出错。
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  Enums构造函数:
  和类一样enums也可以有自己的构造函数,如下:
  package net.javagarage.enums;
  public class EnumConstructor {
  public static void main(String[] a) {
  //call our enum using the values method
  for (Temp t : Temp.values())
  System.out.println(t   " is : "   t.getValue());
  }
  //make the enum
  public enum Temp {
  absoluteZero(-459), freezing(32),
  boiling(212), paperBurns(451);
  //constructor here
  Temp(int value) {
  this.value = value;
  }
  //regular field?but make it final,
  //since that is the point, to make constants
  private final int value;
  //regular get method
  public int getValue() {
  return value;
  }
  }
  }输出结果是:
  absoluteZero is : -459
  freezing is : 32
  boiling is : 212
  paperBurns is : 451
  尽管enums有这么多的属性,但并不是用的越多越好,如果那样还不如直接用类来的直接。enums的优势在定义int最终变量仅当这些值有一定特殊含义时。但是如果你需要的是一个类,就定义一个类,而不是enum.    上一页
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